Modeling core-collapse supernovae gravitational-wave memory in laser interferometric data

Colter J. Richardson, Michele Zanolin, Haakon Andresen, Marek J. Szczepańczyk, Kiranjyot Gill, and Annop Wongwathanarat
Phys. Rev. D 105, 103008 – Published 5 May 2022

Abstract

We study the properties of the gravitational-wave (GW) emission between 105 and 50 Hz (which we refer to as low-frequency emission) from core-collapse supernovae, in the context of studying such signals in laser interferometric data as well as performing multimessenger astronomy. We pay particular attention to the GW linear memory, which is when the signal amplitude does not return to zero after the GW burst. Based on the long-term simulation of a core-collapse supernova of a solar-metallicity star with a zero-age main sequence mass of 15 solar masses, we discuss the spectral properties, the memory’s dependence on observer position, and the polarization of low-frequency GWs from non- (or slowly) rotating core-collapse supernovae. We make recommendations on the angular spacing of the orientations needed to properly produce results that are averaged over multiple observer locations by investigating the angular dependence of the GW emission. We propose semianalytical models that quantify the relationship between the bulk motion of the supernova shock wave and the GW memory amplitude. We discuss how to extend neutrino-generated GW signals from numerical simulations that are terminated before the neutrino emission has subsided. We discuss how the premature halt of simulations and the nonzero amplitude of the GW memory can induce artifacts during the data analysis process. Lastly, we also investigate potential solutions and issues in the use of taperings for both ground- and space-based interferometers.

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  • Received 7 September 2021
  • Accepted 25 March 2022

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.105.103008

© 2022 American Physical Society

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Gravitation, Cosmology & Astrophysics

Authors & Affiliations

Colter J. Richardson and Michele Zanolin

  • Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, 3700 Willow Creek Road, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA

Haakon Andresen

  • The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden

Marek J. Szczepańczyk

  • Department of Physics, University of Florida, 2001 Museum Road, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA

Kiranjyot Gill

  • Department of Astronomy, Center for Astrophysics, Harvard University, 60 Garden Street, MS-10 Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA

Annop Wongwathanarat

  • Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany

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Vol. 105, Iss. 10 — 15 May 2022

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