Production of new neutron-rich heavy nuclei with $Z=56–80$ in the multinucleon transfer reactions of ${}^{136}\mathrm{Xe}+{}^{198}\mathrm{Pt}$

The multinucleon transfer reactions in collisions of ${}^{136}\mathrm{Xe}+{}^{198}\mathrm{Pt}$ at incident energies $E_{\mathrm{lab}}=5.25$, 6.20, 7.98, 10.0, and 15.0 MeV/nucleon are investigated by using the improved quantum molecular dynamics model. It is found that 6.20 MeV/nucleon is the optimal incident energy for producing the neutron-rich heavy nuclei. About 80 unknown neutron-rich nuclei might be produced in this reaction with cross sections from ${10}^{-6}$ to ${10}^{-2}$ mb. The angular distributions of the neutron-rich isotopes are predicted.

Figure 1

Isotopic distributions for $Z=52$, 54, 56, 76, and 80 in ${}^{136}\mathrm{Xe}+{}^{198}\mathrm{Pt}$ reaction at $E_{\mathrm{lab}}=7.98$ MeV/nucleon. The thick lines denote the secondary fragment distributions from the ImQMD+GEMINI and GRAZING with including evaporation. The thin lines are primary fragment distributions. The open circles denote the experiment data from the Ref. [26].

Figure 2

Calculated isotopic distributions of secondary fragments by the ImQMD model in ${}^{136}\mathrm{Xe}+{}^{198}\mathrm{Pt}$ at different incident energies.

Figure 3

The average energy difference of the system before and after collision in MNT reactions of ${}^{136}\mathrm{Xe}+{}^{198}\mathrm{Pt}$ at $E_{\mathrm{lab}}=6.20\mathrm{MeV}/\mathrm{nucleon}$. Here, $\mathrm{\Delta }U$ and $\mathrm{\Delta }T$ in the legend denote the average increments of the potential energy and thermal kinetic energy of the system, respectively. $\mathrm{\Delta }{E}_k$ is the difference between the initial incident energy and total translational energy of two primary fragments.

Figure 4

(a) Average excitation energy as a function of the mass number of the primary TLFs in ${}^{136}\mathrm{Xe}+{}^{198}\mathrm{Pt}$ at $E_{\mathrm{lab}}=5.25$, 6.20, 7.98, 10.0, and 15.0 MeV/nucleon. (b) Average excitation energy as a function of the neutron number of the primary products in ${}^{136}\mathrm{Xe}+{}^{198}\mathrm{Pt}$ at $E_{\mathrm{lab}}=6.20\mathrm{MeV}/\mathrm{nucleon}$.

Figure 5

Predicted chart of the secondary products in ${}^{136}\mathrm{Xe}+{}^{198}\mathrm{Pt}$ at $E_{\mathrm{lab}}=6.20$ MeV/nucleon. The folding lines denote the boundary of the known nuclei. The stars denote the positions of the projectile and target.

Figure 6

Predicted angular distributions of the secondary TLFs in ${}^{136}\mathrm{Xe}+{}^{198}\mathrm{Pt}$ at $E_{\mathrm{lab}}=6.20$ MeV/nucleon.