Abstract
Quark-gluon plasmas produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions quickly expand and cool, entering a phase consisting of multiple interacting hadronic resonances just below the QCD deconfinement temperature, MeV. Numerical microscopic simulations have emerged as the principal method for modeling the behavior of the hadronic stage of heavy-ion collisions, but the transport properties that characterize these simulations are not well understood. Methods are presented here for extracting the shear viscosity and two transport parameters that emerge in Israel-Stewart hydrodynamics. The analysis is based on studying how the stress-energy tensor responds to velocity gradients. Results are consistent with Kubo relations if viscous relaxation times are twice the collision time.
- Received 23 October 2016
- Revised 22 December 2016
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.95.024901
©2017 American Physical Society