Systematic study of probable projectile-target combinations for the synthesis of the superheavy nucleus ${}^{302}120$

Probable projectile-target combinations for the synthesis of the superheavy element ${}^{302}120$ have been studied taking the Coulomb and proximity potential as the interaction barrier. The probabilities of the compound nucleus formation $P_{\mathrm{CN}}$ for the projectile-target combinations found in the cold reaction valley of ${}^{302}120$ are estimated. At energies near and above the Coulomb barrier, we have calculated the capture, fusion, and evaporation residue cross sections for the reactions of all probable projectile-target combinations so as to predict the most promising projectile-target combinations for the synthesis of the superheavy element ${}^{302}120$ in heavy-ion fusion reactions. The calculated fusion and evaporation cross sections for the more asymmetric (“hotter”) projectile-target combination is found to be higher than the less asymmetric (“colder”) combination. It can be seen from the nature of the quasifission barrier height, mass asymmetry, the probability of compound nucleus formation, survival probability, and excitation energy, the systems ${}^{44}\mathrm{Ar}+{}^{258}\mathrm{No}, {}^{46}\mathrm{Ar}+{}^{256}\mathrm{No}, {}^{48}\mathrm{Ca}+{}^{254}\mathrm{Fm}, {}^{50}\mathrm{Ca}+{}^{252}\mathrm{Fm}, {}^{54}\mathrm{Ti}+{}^{248}\mathrm{Cf}$, and ${}^{58}\mathrm{Cr}+{}^{244}\mathrm{Cm}$ in deep region I of the cold reaction valley and the systems ${}^{62}\mathrm{Fe}+{}^{240}\mathrm{Pu}, {}^{64}\mathrm{Fe}+{}^{238}\mathrm{Pu}, {}^{68}\mathrm{Ni}+{}^{234}\mathrm{U}, {}^{70}\mathrm{Ni}+{}^{232}\mathrm{U}, {}^{72}\mathrm{Ni}+{}^{230}\mathrm{U}$, and ${}^{74}\mathrm{Zn}+{}^{228}\mathrm{Th}$ in the other cold valleys are identified as the better projectile-target combinations for the synthesis of ${}^{302}120$. Our predictions on the synthesis of ${}^{302}120$ superheavy nuclei using the combinations ${}^{54}\mathrm{Cr}+{}^{248}\mathrm{Cm}, {}^{58}\mathrm{Fe}+{}^{244}\mathrm{Pu}, {}^{64}\mathrm{Ni}+{}^{238}\mathrm{U}$, and ${}^{50}\mathrm{Ti}+{}^{249}\mathrm{Cf}$ are compared with available experimental data and other theoretical predictions.

Figure 1

Cold reaction valley plot for the superheavy nucleus ${}^{302}120$.

Figure 2

Scattering potential for the reactions of ${}^{126}\mathrm{Sn}+{}^{176}\mathrm{Yb}, {}^{128}\mathrm{Sn}+{}^{174}\mathrm{Yb}, {}^{130}\mathrm{Te}+{}^{172}\mathrm{Er}$, and ${}^{132}\mathrm{Te}+{}^{170}\mathrm{Er}$.

Figure 3

Scattering potential for the reactions of ${}^{84}\mathrm{Se}+{}^{218}\mathrm{Rn}, {}^{86}\mathrm{Se}+{}^{216}\mathrm{Rn}, {}^{88}\mathrm{Kr}+{}^{214}\mathrm{Po}$, and ${}^{90}\mathrm{Kr}+{}^{212}\mathrm{Po}$.

Figure 4

Scattering potential for the reactions of ${}^{92}\mathrm{Sr}+{}^{210}\mathrm{Pb}, {}^{94}\mathrm{Sr}+{}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}, {}^{96}\mathrm{Sr}+{}^{206}\mathrm{Pb}$, and ${}^{98}\mathrm{Zr}+{}^{204}\mathrm{Hg}$.

Figure 5

Scattering potential for the reactions of ${}^{44}\mathrm{Ar}+{}^{258}\mathrm{No}, {}^{46}\mathrm{Ar}+{}^{256}\mathrm{No}, {}^{48}\mathrm{Ca}+{}^{254}\mathrm{Fm}$, and ${}^{50}\mathrm{Ca}+{}^{252}\mathrm{Fm}$.

Figure 6

Scattering potential for the reactions of ${}^{52}\mathrm{Ca}+{}^{250}\mathrm{Fm}, {}^{54}\mathrm{Ti}+{}^{248}\mathrm{Cf}, {}^{56}\mathrm{Ti}+{}^{246}\mathrm{Cf}$, and ${}^{58}\mathrm{Cr}+{}^{244}\mathrm{Cm}$.

Figure 7

The plot of $P_{\mathrm{CN}}$ versus $E^{*}$ in MeV for the reactions of ${}^{44}\mathrm{Ar}+{}^{258}\mathrm{No}, {}^{46}\mathrm{Ar}+{}^{256}\mathrm{No}, {}^{48}\mathrm{Ca}+{}^{254}\mathrm{Fm}$, and ${}^{50}\mathrm{Ca}+{}^{252}\mathrm{Fm}$.

Figure 8

The plot of $P_{\mathrm{CN}}$ versus $E^{*}$ in MeV for the reactions of ${}^{52}\mathrm{Ca}+{}^{250}\mathrm{Fm}, {}^{54}\mathrm{Ti}+{}^{248}\mathrm{Cf}, {}^{56}\mathrm{Ti}+{}^{246}\mathrm{Cf}$, and ${}^{58}\mathrm{Cr}+{}^{244}\mathrm{Cm}$.

Figure 9

The plot of $P_{\mathrm{CN}}$ versus $E^{*}$ in MeV for the reactions of ${}^{60}\mathrm{Cr}+{}^{242}\mathrm{Cm}, {}^{62}\mathrm{Fe}+{}^{240}\mathrm{Pu}, {}^{64}\mathrm{Fe}+{}^{238}\mathrm{Pu}$, and ${}^{66}\mathrm{Fe}+{}^{236}\mathrm{Pu}$.

Figure 10

The plot of $P_{\mathrm{CN}}$ versus $E^{*}$ in MeV for the reactions of ${}^{68}\mathrm{Ni}+{}^{234}\mathrm{U}, {}^{70}\mathrm{Ni}+{}^{232}\mathrm{U}, {}^{72}\mathrm{Ni}+{}^{230}\mathrm{U}$, and ${}^{74}\mathrm{Zn}+{}^{228}\mathrm{Th}$.

Figure 11

The plot of $P_{\mathrm{CN}}$ versus $E^{*}$ in MeV for the reactions of ${}^{84}\mathrm{Se}+{}^{218}\mathrm{Rn}, {}^{86}\mathrm{Se}+{}^{216}\mathrm{Rn}, {}^{88}\mathrm{Kr}+{}^{214}\mathrm{Po}$, and ${}^{90}\mathrm{Kr}+{}^{212}\mathrm{Po}$.

Figure 12

The plot of $P_{\mathrm{CN}}$ versus $E^{*}$ in MeV for the reactions of ${}^{92}\mathrm{Sr}+{}^{210}\mathrm{Pb}, {}^{94}\mathrm{Sr}+{}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}, {}^{96}\mathrm{Sr}+{}^{206}\mathrm{Pb}$, and ${}^{98}\mathrm{Zr}+{}^{204}\mathrm{Hg}$.

Figure 13

Plot of $P_{\mathrm{CN}}$ for hot fusion ($E^{*}=35\mathrm{MeV}$) and cold fusion ($E^{*}=5\mathrm{MeV}$) reactions against the mass number of the projectile $A_P$ for the SHE ${}^{302}120$.

Figure 14

Plots of capture $\left({\sigma }_{\mathrm{capture}}\right)$ and fusion $\left({\sigma }_{\mathrm{fusion}}\right)$ cross sections in millibarns (upper panel) and evaporation residue cross sections in picobarns (lower panel) versus center-of-mass energy $E_{\mathrm{cm}}$ in MeV for the reactions of ${}^{44}\mathrm{Ar}+{}^{258}\mathrm{No}$ and ${}^{46}\mathrm{Ar}+{}^{256}\mathrm{No}$.

Figure 15

Plots of capture $\left({\sigma }_{\mathrm{capture}}\right)$ and fusion $\left({\sigma }_{\mathrm{fusion}}\right)$ cross sections in millibarns (upper panel) and evaporation residue cross sections in picobarns (lower panel) versus center-of-mass energy $E_{\mathrm{cm}}$ in MeV for the reactions of ${}^{48}\mathrm{Ca}+{}^{254}\mathrm{Fm}$ and ${}^{50}\mathrm{Ca}+{}^{252}\mathrm{Fm}$.

Figure 16

Plots of capture $\left({\sigma }_{\mathrm{capture}}\right)$ and fusion $\left({\sigma }_{\mathrm{fusion}}\right)$ cross sections in millibarns (upper panel) and evaporation residue cross sections in picobarns (lower panel) versus center-of-mass energy $E_{\mathrm{cm}}$ in MeV for the reactions of ${}^{52}\mathrm{Ca}+{}^{250}\mathrm{Fm}$ and ${}^{54}\mathrm{Ti}+{}^{248}\mathrm{Cf}$.

Figure 17

Plots of capture $\left({\sigma }_{\mathrm{capture}}\right)$ and fusion $\left({\sigma }_{\mathrm{fusion}}\right)$ cross sections in millibarns (upper panel) and evaporation residue cross sections in picobarns (lower panel) versus center-of-mass energy $E_{\mathrm{cm}}$ in MeV for the reactions of ${}^{56}\mathrm{Ti}+{}^{246}\mathrm{Cf}$ and ${}^{58}\mathrm{Cr}+{}^{244}\mathrm{Cm}$.

Figure 18

Plots of capture $\left({\sigma }_{\mathrm{capture}}\right)$ and fusion $\left({\sigma }_{\mathrm{fusion}}\right)$ cross sections in millibarns (upper panel) and evaporation residue cross sections in picobarns (lower panel) versus center-of-mass energy $E_{\mathrm{cm}}$ in MeV for the reactions of ${}^{60}\mathrm{Cr}+{}^{242}\mathrm{Cm}$ and ${}^{62}\mathrm{Fe}+{}^{240}\mathrm{Pu}$.

Figure 19

Plots of capture $\left({\sigma }_{\mathrm{capture}}\right)$ and fusion $\left({\sigma }_{\mathrm{fusion}}\right)$ cross sections in millibarns (upper panel) and evaporation residue cross sections in picobarns (lower panel) versus center-of-mass energy $E_{\mathrm{cm}}$ in MeV for the reactions of ${}^{64}\mathrm{Fe}+{}^{238}\mathrm{Pu}$ and ${}^{66}\mathrm{Fe}+{}^{236}\mathrm{Pu}$.

Figure 20

Plots of capture $\left({\sigma }_{\mathrm{capture}}\right)$ and fusion $\left({\sigma }_{\mathrm{fusion}}\right)$ cross sections in millibarns (upper panel) and evaporation residue cross sections in picobarns (lower panel) versus center-of-mass energy $E_{\mathrm{cm}}$ in MeV for the reactions of ${}^{68}\mathrm{Ni}+{}^{234}\mathrm{U}$ and ${}^{70}\mathrm{Ni}+{}^{232}\mathrm{U}$.

Figure 21

Plots of capture $\left({\sigma }_{\mathrm{capture}}\right)$ and fusion $\left({\sigma }_{\mathrm{fusion}}\right)$ cross sections in millibarns (upper panel) and evaporation residue cross sections in picobarns (lower panel) versus center-of-mass energy $E_{\mathrm{cm}}$ in MeV for the reactions of ${}^{72}\mathrm{Ni}+{}^{230}\mathrm{U}$ and ${}^{74}\mathrm{Zn}+{}^{228}\mathrm{Th}$.

Figure 22

Plots of capture $\left({\sigma }_{\mathrm{capture}}\right)$ and fusion $\left({\sigma }_{\mathrm{fusion}}\right)$ cross sections in millibarns (upper panel) and evaporation residue cross sections in picobarns (lower panel) versus center-of-mass energy $E_{\mathrm{cm}}$ in MeV for the reactions of ${}^{84}\mathrm{Se}+{}^{218}\mathrm{Rn}$ and ${}^{86}\mathrm{Se}+{}^{216}\mathrm{Rn}$.

Figure 23

Plots of capture $\left({\sigma }_{\mathrm{capture}}\right)$ and fusion $\left({\sigma }_{\mathrm{fusion}}\right)$ cross sections in millibarns (upper panel) and evaporation residue cross sections in picobarns (lower panel) versus center-of-mass energy $E_{\mathrm{cm}}$ in MeV for the reactions of ${}^{88}\mathrm{Kr}+{}^{214}\mathrm{Po}$ and ${}^{90}\mathrm{Kr}+{}^{212}\mathrm{Po}$.

Figure 24

Plots of capture $\left({\sigma }_{\mathrm{capture}}\right)$ and fusion $\left({\sigma }_{\mathrm{fusion}}\right)$ cross sections in millibarns (upper panel) and evaporation residue cross sections in picobarns (lower panel) versus center-of-mass energy $E_{\mathrm{cm}}$ in MeV for the reactions of ${}^{92}\mathrm{Sr}+{}^{210}\mathrm{Pb}$ and ${}^{94}\mathrm{Sr}+{}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$.

Figure 25

Plots of capture $\left({\sigma }_{\mathrm{capture}}\right)$ and fusion $\left({\sigma }_{\mathrm{fusion}}\right)$ cross sections in millibarns (upper panel) and evaporation residue cross sections in picobarns (lower panel) versus center-of-mass energy $E_{\mathrm{cm}}$ in MeV for the reactions of ${}^{96}\mathrm{Sr}+{}^{206}\mathrm{Pb}$ and ${}^{98}\mathrm{Zr}+{}^{204}\mathrm{Hg}$.

Figure 26

Plots of capture $\left({\sigma }_{\mathrm{capture}}\right)$ and fusion $\left({\sigma }_{\mathrm{fusion}}\right)$ cross sections in millibarns (upper panel) and evaporation residue cross sections in picobarns (lower panel) versus center-of-mass energy $E_{\mathrm{cm}}$ in MeV for the reactions of ${}^{54}\mathrm{Cr}+{}^{248}\mathrm{Cm}$ and ${}^{58}\mathrm{Fe}+{}^{244}\mathrm{Pu}$.

Figure 27

Plots of capture $\left({\sigma }_{\mathrm{capture}}\right)$ and fusion $\left({\sigma }_{\mathrm{fusion}}\right)$ cross sections in millibarns (upper panel) and evaporation residue cross sections in picobarns (lower panel) versus center-of-mass energy $E_{\mathrm{cm}}$ in MeV for the reactions of ${}^{64}\mathrm{Ni}+{}^{238}\mathrm{U}$ and ${}^{50}\mathrm{Ti}+{}^{249}\mathrm{Cf}$.