Abstract
An effective field theory of -cluster condensation is formulated as a spontaneously broken symmetry in quantum field theory to understand the raison d'être and the nature of the Hoyle and -cluster states in . The Nambu-Goldstone and Higgs mode operators in infinite systems are replaced with a pair of canonical operators whose Hamiltonian gives rise to discrete energy states in addition to the Bogoliubov–de Gennes excited states. The calculations reproduce well the experimental spectrum of the -cluster states. The existence of the Nambu-Goldstone-Higgs states is demonstrated and crucial. The -decay transitions are also obtained.
1 More- Received 24 November 2014
- Revised 22 May 2016
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.94.014314
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