Thermalization, evolution, and observables at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider in an integrated hydrokinetic model of A+A collisions

V. Yu. Naboka, Iu. A. Karpenko, and Yu. M. Sinyukov
Phys. Rev. C 93, 024902 – Published 3 February 2016

Abstract

A further development of the evolutionary picture of A+A collisions, which we call the integrated hydrokinetic model (iHKM), is proposed. The model comprises a generator of the initial state GLISSANDO, prethermal dynamics of A+A collisions leading to thermalization, subsequent relativistic viscous hydrodynamic expansion of quark-gluon and hadron medium (vHLLE), its particlization, and finally the hadronic cascade ultrarelativistic QMD. We calculate midrapidity charged-particle multiplicities, pion, kaon, and antiproton spectra, charged-particle elliptic flows, and pion interferometry radii for Pb + Pb collisions at the energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider, s=2.76 TeV, at different centralities. We find that the best description of the experimental data is reached when the initial states are attributed to the very small initial time 0.1 fm/c, the prethermal stage (thermalization process) lasts at least until 1 fm/c, and the shear viscosity at the hydrodynamic stage of the matter evolution has its minimal value, η/s=14π. At the same time it is observed that the various momentum anisotropies of the initial states, different initial and relaxation times, as well as even a treatment of the prethermal stage within just viscous or ideal hydrodynamic approach, lead sometimes to worse but nevertheless similar results if the normalization of maximal initial energy density in most central events is adjusted to reproduce the final hadron multiplicity in each scenario. This can explain a good enough data description in numerous variants of hybrid models without a prethermal stage when the initial energy densities are defined up to a common factor.

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  • Received 28 August 2015
  • Revised 25 November 2015

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.93.024902

©2016 American Physical Society

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Nuclear Physics

Authors & Affiliations

V. Yu. Naboka1, Iu. A. Karpenko1,2, and Yu. M. Sinyukov1,3

  • 1Bogoliubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, Metrolohichna Strasse 14b, 03680 Kiev, Ukraine
  • 2Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Ruth-Moufang-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  • 3Tomsk State University, Department of Physics, Lenin Avenue 36, Tomsk., Russia

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Issue

Vol. 93, Iss. 2 — February 2016

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