Role of model ingredients in the production of light particles and entropy

We study the role of different entrance channels and model ingredients on the composite particle yield ratios and entropy production. We find that the composite particle yield ratios show some sensitivity towards equation of state. The Gaussian width of the nucleons affects the production of light charged particles significantly.

Figure 1

The time evolution of rms ($r$) radius and heaviest fragment, $\langle A^{\max }\rangle$ for various nuclei ${}^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$, ${}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$, ${}^{93}\mathrm{Nb}$, ${}^{145}\mathrm{Nd}$, and ${}^{197}\mathrm{Au}$. Solid, dashed, dotted, dash-dotted, and dash-double-dotted lines represent the results for soft, hard, SMD, soft with narrow Gaussian, and soft with broader Gaussian, respectively.

Figure 2

The composite particle yield ratios, $X/p$, where $X$ stands for $A=2$ ($◊$), $A=3$ ($\square$), and $A=4$ ($△$) in panels (a), (b), (e), and (f); $A=2$ ($◊$), $A=3$ ($\square$), and 0.2 $A=4$($△$) in panels (c), (d), and (h); $A=2$ ($◊$), $A=3$ ($\square$), and 0.1 $A=4$ ($△$) in panel (g); and $A=2$ ($◊$), $A=3$ ($\square$), and 0.5 $A=4$ ($△$) in panels (i) and (j) as a function of participant proton multiplicity, $N_p$, for reactions of ${}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}+{}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$, ${}^{93}\mathrm{Nb}+{}^{93}\mathrm{Nb}$, and ${}^{197}\mathrm{Au}+{}^{197}\mathrm{Au}$. Solid diamonds and triangles represent the experimental normalized $d/p$ and ${}^4\text{He}/p$ ratios, respectively [17]. The shaded region enclosed the experimental yield ratios of $t/p$ and ${}^3\text{He}/p$ [17].

Figure 3

The composite particle yield ratios as a function of composite system mass at incident energy of 150 MeV/nucleon. Various symbols are explained in the text. Here, reactions are for central geometries only.

Figure 4

The entropy $\langle S_N\rangle$ per nucleon as a function of composite system mass for the central collisions at incident energies 150 (upper), 400 (middle), and 1000 (lower panels) MeV/nucleon. Symbols have the same meaning as in Fig. 3.

Figure 5

The entropy $\langle S_N\rangle$ per nucleon as a function of participant proton multiplicity, $N_p$. Various symbols are explained in the text.