Low and medium energy deuteron-induced reactions on ${}^{63,65}\mathrm{Cu}$ nuclei

The activation cross sections of $(d,p)$, $(d,2n)$, $(d,3n)$, and $(d,2p)$ reactions on ${}^{63,65}\mathrm{Cu}$ were measured in the energy range from 4 to 20 MeV using the stacked-foil technique. Then, following the available elastic-scattering data analysis that provided the optical potential for reaction cross-section calculations, an increased effort was devoted to the breakup mechanism, direct reaction stripping, and pre-equilibrium and compound-nucleus cross-section calculations, corrected for the breakup and stripping decrease of the total reaction cross section. The overall agreement between the measured and calculated deuteron activation cross sections proves the correctness of the nuclear mechanism account, next to the simultaneous analysis of the elastic-scattering and reaction data.

Figure 1

Comparison of previous measured data [9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17] and within this work (full circles), the evaluated data within the TENDL-2010 library [18] (dotted curves), and calculated results obtained with talys-1.2 code using either the whole default input (dash-dotted) or the replacement of default deuteron OMP by that of the present work (dashed), for the deuteron interaction with ${}^{\mathrm{nat},63,65}$Cu.

Figure 2

Comparison of (left) measured [19] deuteron elastic-scattering angular distributions for ${}^{63,65,\mathrm{nat}}$Cu and calculated values obtained by using the OMP parameters given in Table (solid curves), the global OMP [24] (dot-dashed curves), and talys [26] default option (dashed curves), and (right) measured [28] reaction cross sections for deuterons incident on ${}^{63,65,\mathrm{nat}}$Cu and calculated values obtained by using the same above-mentioned potentials as well as the evaluated data within the TENDL-2010 library [18] (dotted curve). Comparison of particular parameters given in Table (solid curves) and of Daehnick et al. [24] OMP (dot-dashed lines) are also shown in the lower part of the right-hand side.

Figure 3

Energy dependence of the total (solid curve), elastic (dash-dotted), and inelastic (dot-dashed) proton-emission breakup cross sections given by Ref. [2] and total proton-emission breakup cross sections of Ref. [35] (dotted), for the deuteron interactions with ${}^{63}\mathrm{Cu}$. The corresponding total reaction cross section is shown by the dash-dot-dotted curve.

Figure 4

Energy dependence of the phenomenological [2] (dashed curve) and CDCC (solid line) elastic-breakup cross sections for deuteron interactions with the ${}^{63}\mathrm{Cu}$ nucleus [43]. The solid circle corresponds to Kleinfeller systematics [32]; also shown is the total proton-emission breakup cross section (dotted curve).

Figure 5

(a) The centroid $E_x$ of assumed Gaussian line shape [45] for deuteron-breakup peak energies of emitted neutrons (solid) and protons (dash-dotted), and the corresponding $E_n\pm \Gamma /2$ values (dashed) calculated for deuterons interacting with ${}^{63}\mathrm{Cu}$. (b) The convolution of the cross section ratio ${\sigma }_{(p,n)}$/${\sigma }_R$ for the target nucleus ${}^{63}\mathrm{Cu}$ (dash-dotted curve) with the Gaussian line shape of the deuteron-breakup peak energies of the corresponding emitted protons, for deuterons with energies of 8, 20, and 30 MeV (solid curves, with the incident energy noted above their maxima), and the convolution results at each deuteron energy (dashed curves).

Figure 6

Comparison of measured data already shown in Fig. 1 and present analysis results (solid) taking into account the deuteron inelastic breakup (dashed), the DR [dash-dotted for $(d,p)$ reactions and short dash-dotted for $(d,t)$ reaction], and the PE $+$ CN [dotted and short-dotted for $(d,2\mathit{np})$ reaction] mechanism contributions to the deuteron interaction with ${}^{\mathrm{nat},63,65}$Cu target nuclei.