Mapping the proton drip line in the suburanium region and for superheavy elements

The relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov (RHB) model is employed in the mapping of the proton drip line in the suburanium region and for superheavy elements. The RHB prediction for the last bound isotope of each odd-$Z$ element in these mass regions, and the ground-state quadrupole deformations of nuclei at the drip line, is compared with several mass formulas and with recent experimental data on the location of the proton drip line in the suburanium region.

Figure 1

The proton drip line in the suburanium region $73⩽Z⩽91$. The squares denote the calculated position of the last bound isotope for each odd-$Z$ element. Nuclei to the left are predicted to be proton unstable by the present RHB $(\text{NL}3+\mathrm{D}1\mathrm{S})$ calculation. The experimentally determined location of the proton drip line [7] is denoted by crosses.

Figure 2

The proton drip line in the suburanium region $73⩽Z⩽91$. The mass-number differences between the predicted last bound isotope for each odd-$Z$ element, and the experimentally determined location of the proton drip line, are plotted for the present RHB $(\text{NL}3+\mathrm{D}1\mathrm{S})$ calculation, in comparison with the mass models of Refs. 9, 10, 11.

Figure 3

Self-consistent RHB $(\text{NL}3+\mathrm{D}1\mathrm{S})$ ground-state quadrupole deformations for nuclei at the proton drip line in the suburanium region $73⩽Z⩽91$ (upper left panel) and for superheavy nuclei (upper right panel). The comparison with the predictions of the models from Refs. 9, 10 is shown in the lower panels.

Figure 4

The proton drip line in the region of superheavy elements $93⩽Z⩽119$. The black squares denote the calculated location of the last bound isotope for each odd-$Z$ element. The superheavy nuclei $\left(Z>103\right)$ which have been synthesized in experiment [8] are denoted by white crossed squares.