Proton number fluctuations in partial chemical equilibrium

Boris Tomášik, Paula Hillmann, and Marcus Bleicher
Phys. Rev. C 104, 044907 – Published 28 October 2021

Abstract

We calculate volume-independent ratios of cumulants of the net-proton number distribution up to sixth order in a fireball that cools down after the chemical freeze-out. A hadron resonance gas model is used together with the assumption of partial chemical equilibrium, which fixes the number of observed stable hadrons after the chemical freeze-out. It is shown that, due to only weak departure from the statistical Boltzmann distribution, also the volume-independent ratios of higher-order cumulants of the net-proton number show only weak dependence on the temperature. This observation supports the possibility to measure noncritical cumulants at chemical freeze-out even after subsequent cooling in the hadronic phase. Cumulants of the net-baryon number behave similarly, while those for the kaon number vary more strongly with the temperature. Our results are relevant for the current fluctuation studies of runs of the Beam Energy Scan program at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider.

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  • Received 13 July 2021
  • Revised 31 August 2021
  • Accepted 8 October 2021

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.104.044907

©2021 American Physical Society

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Nuclear PhysicsParticles & Fields

Authors & Affiliations

Boris Tomášik1,2, Paula Hillmann3,4,5,6, and Marcus Bleicher3,4,5,6

  • 1České vysoké učení technické v Praze, FJFI, Břehová 7, 11519 Praha 1, Czech Republic
  • 2Univerzita Mateja Bela, Tajovského 40, 97401 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
  • 3Institut für Theoretische Physik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  • 4Helmholtz Research Academy Hesse for FAIR (HFHF), Campus Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 12, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  • 5GSI Helmholtz Center, Planckstrasse 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
  • 6John von Neumann-Institut für Computing, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany

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Issue

Vol. 104, Iss. 4 — October 2021

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