Contrasting behavior of covalent and molecular carbon allotropes exposed to extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray free-electron laser radiation

M. Toufarová, V. Hájková, J. Chalupský, T. Burian, J. Vacík, V. Vorlíček, L. Vyšín, J. Gaudin, N. Medvedev, B. Ziaja, M. Nagasono, M. Yabashi, R. Sobierajski, J. Krzywinski, H. Sinn, M. Störmer, K. Koláček, K. Tiedtke, S. Toleikis, and L. Juha
Phys. Rev. B 96, 214101 – Published 4 December 2017

Abstract

All carbon materials, e.g., amorphous carbon (a-C) coatings and C60 fullerene thin films, play an important role in short-wavelength free-electron laser (FEL) research motivated by FEL optics development and prospective nanotechnology applications. Responses of a-C and C60 layers to the extreme ultraviolet (SPring-8 Compact SASE Source in Japan) and soft x-ray (free-electron laser in Hamburg) free-electron laser radiation are investigated by Raman spectroscopy, differential interference contrast, and atomic force microscopy. A remarkable difference in the behavior of covalent (a-C) and molecular (C60) carbonaceous solids is demonstrated under these irradiation conditions. Low thresholds for ablation of a fullerene crystal (estimated to be around 0.15 eV/atom for C60 vs 0.9 eV/atom for a-C in terms of the absorbed dose) are caused by a low cohesive energy of fullerene crystals. An efficient mechanism of the removal of intact C60 molecules from the irradiated crystal due to Coulomb repulsion of fullerene-cage cation radicals formed by the ionizing radiation is revealed by a detailed modeling.

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  • Received 20 May 2017
  • Revised 24 October 2017

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.96.214101

©2017 American Physical Society

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Accelerators & BeamsCondensed Matter, Materials & Applied PhysicsNonlinear DynamicsAtomic, Molecular & OpticalInterdisciplinary PhysicsPlasma PhysicsStatistical Physics & ThermodynamicsGeneral PhysicsParticles & FieldsPolymers & Soft Matter

Authors & Affiliations

M. Toufarová1,2, V. Hájková1, J. Chalupský1, T. Burian1,3, J. Vacík4, V. Vorlíček1, L. Vyšín1,2, J. Gaudin5, N. Medvedev1,6,*, B. Ziaja7,8, M. Nagasono9, M. Yabashi9, R. Sobierajski10, J. Krzywinski11, H. Sinn12, M. Störmer13, K. Koláček6, K. Tiedtke14, S. Toleikis14, and L. Juha1,6

  • 1Institute of Physics AS CR, v.v.i., Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
  • 2Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
  • 3Charles University in Prague, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
  • 4Nuclear Physics Institute AS CR, v.v.i., 250 68 Řež near Prague, Czech Republic
  • 5Laboratoire CELIA, Université Bordeaux, 1-351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
  • 6Institute of Plasma Physics AS CR, v.v.i., Za Slovankou 1782/3, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic
  • 7Center for Free Electron Laser Science at DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany
  • 8Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Krakow, Poland
  • 9RIKEN Harima Institute, The SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
  • 10Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, PL-02-668 Warsaw, Poland
  • 11LCLS at SLAC, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
  • 12European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869 Schenefeld, Germany
  • 13Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany
  • 14Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron - DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany

  • *nikita.medvedev@fzu.cz

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Vol. 96, Iss. 21 — 1 December 2017

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