Abstract
Backscattering-immune chiral modes arise along certain line defects in three-dimensional materials. Here, we study the Floquet chiral modes along Floquet topological defects, namely, the defects come entirely from spatial modulations of periodic driving. We define a precise topological invariant that counts the number of Floquet chiral modes, which is expressed as an integral on a five-dimensional torus parametrized by . This work demonstrates the possibility of creating chiral modes in three-dimensional bulk materials by modulated driving.
- Received 1 December 2016
- Revised 23 February 2017
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.95.161115
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