Comparison of gold- and graphene-based resonant nanostructures for terahertz metamaterials and an ultrathin graphene-based modulator

Nian-Hai Shen, Philippe Tassin, Thomas Koschny, and Costas M. Soukoulis
Phys. Rev. B 90, 115437 – Published 29 September 2014
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Abstract

Graphene exhibits unique material properties, and in electromagnetic wave technology it raises the prospect of devices miniaturized down to the atomic length scale. Here we study split-ring resonator metamaterials made from graphene and we compare them to gold-based metamaterials. We find that graphene's huge reactive response derived from its large kinetic inductance allows for deeply subwavelength resonances, although its resonance strength is reduced due to higher dissipative loss damping and smaller dipole coupling. Nevertheless, tightly stacked graphene rings may provide for negative permeability and the electric dipole resonance of graphene meta-atoms turns out to be surprisingly strong. Based on these findings, we present a terahertz modulator based on a metamaterial with a multilayer stack of alternating patterned graphene sheets separated by dielectric spacers. Neighboring graphene flakes are biased against each other, resulting in modulation depths of over 75% at a transmission level of around 90%.

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  • Received 24 March 2014
  • Revised 12 September 2014

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.90.115437

©2014 American Physical Society

Authors & Affiliations

Nian-Hai Shen1,*, Philippe Tassin1,2, Thomas Koschny1, and Costas M. Soukoulis1,3,†

  • 1Ames Laboratory, U.S. DOE and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
  • 2Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
  • 3Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, FORTH, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece

  • *nhshen@ameslab.gov
  • soukoulis@ameslab.gov

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Issue

Vol. 90, Iss. 11 — 15 September 2014

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