Abstract
The surface valence transition was observed in the insulating rare-earth compounds which are integral valent in the bulk. From the careful study of Eu Eu , and Eu core-level photoelectron spectra of and we unambiguously identified the divalent layer(s) at the surfaces of these stable trivalent insulating compounds. This finding removes ambiguity and long-standing controversy on the interpretation of core-level satellites in these Eu compounds.
- Received 24 November 1998
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.59.R15613
©1999 American Physical Society