Dynamic critical phenomena in channel flow of driven particles in random media

A simple model of the driven motion of interacting particles in a two-dimensional random medium is analyzed, focusing on the critical behavior near to the threshold that separates a static phase from a flowing phase with a steady-state current. The critical behavior is found to be surprisingly robust, being independent of whether the driving force is increased suddenly or adiabatically. Just above threshold, the flow is concentrated on a sparse network of channels, but the time scale for convergence to this fixed network diverges with a larger exponent than that for convergence of the current density to its steady-state value. This is argued to be caused by the ``dangerous irrelevance'' of dynamic particle collisions at the critical point. Possible applications to vortex motion near to the critical current in dirty thin-film superconductors are discussed.