Magnetic properties of electrodeposited, melt-quenched, and liquid Ni-P alloys

I. Bakonyi, A. Burgstaller, W. Socher, J. Voitländer, E. Tóth-Kádár, A. Lovas, H. Ebert, E. Wachtel, N. Willmann, and H. H. Liebermann
Phys. Rev. B 47, 14961 – Published 1 June 1993
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Abstract

A comprehensive study of the magnetic properties of Ni100xPx alloys prepared by electrodeposition with 11.5≤x≤23.2 and by melt quenching with 16.3≤x≤21.0 was performed for temperatures 4.2≲T≤300 K in magnetic fields up to H=9 kOe and, for most of the melt-quenched alloys, for T≥300 K including the molten state as well. The individual contributions to the magnetization were identified and determined separately. The matrix of Ni-P alloys was found to exhibit Pauli paramagnetism for x≳17 and very weak itinerant ferromagnetism for x≲14. However, magnetic inhomogeneities in the form of ferromagnetic precipitates, giant-moment paramagnetic clusters and/or superparamagnetic particles could be identified throughout the whole concentration range studied and their amount and character varied significantly with alloy composition and preparation technique. In the paramagnetic phase, the temperature-independent Pauli susceptibility was not sensitive to the way of preparation, it agreed well with extrapolated room-temperature liquid-state data, decreased approximately linearly with increasing P content and extrapolated to the corresponding value of the crystalline stoichiometric compound Ni3P. In the ferromagnetic phase, the magnetization data of the matrix could be reasonably well accounted for in terms of the Stoner-Edwards-Wohlfarth model and the theory of Mathon, yielding 85.7 at. % Ni as the critical concentration for the onset of spontaneous magnetic order. For alloys in the intermediate composition range (14≲x≲17), the observed magnetization was dominated by the contribution of superparamagnetic particles.

  • Received 17 February 1993

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.47.14961

©1993 American Physical Society

Authors & Affiliations

I. Bakonyi

  • Research Institute for Solid State Physics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1525 Budapest, P.O. Box 49, Hungary

A. Burgstaller, W. Socher, and J. Voitländer

  • Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität München, Sophienstrasse 11, D-8000 München 2, Federal Republic of Germany

E. Tóth-Kádár and A. Lovas

  • Research Institute for Solid State Physics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1525 Budapest, P.O. Box 49, Hungary

H. Ebert

  • Siemens AG, Research Laboratories, ZFE BT MR 11, Paul-Gossen-Strasse 100, D-8520 Erlangen, Federal Republic of Germany

E. Wachtel and N. Willmann

  • Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung, Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaft, Seestrasse 92, D-7000 Stuttgart 1, Federal Republic of Germany

H. H. Liebermann

  • Allied-Signal Corporation, Metglas Products Department, Parsippany, New Jersey 07054

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Issue

Vol. 47, Iss. 22 — 1 June 1993

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