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Direct observation of the quantum fluctuation driven amplitude mode in a microcavity polariton condensate

Mark Steger, Ryo Hanai, Alexander Orson Edelman, Peter B. Littlewood, David W. Snoke, Jonathan Beaumariage, Brian Fluegel, Ken West, Loren N. Pfeiffer, and Angelo Mascarenhas
Phys. Rev. B 103, 205125 – Published 14 May 2021

Abstract

The Higgs amplitude mode is a collective excitation studied and observed in a broad class of matter, including superconductors, charge density waves, antiferromagnets, He3 p-wave superfluid, and ultracold atomic condensates. In all the observations reported thus far, the amplitude mode was excited by perturbing the condensate out of equilibrium. Studying an exciton-polariton condensate, here, we report the observation of this amplitude mode purely driven by intrinsic quantum fluctuations without such perturbations. By using an ultrahigh quality microcavity and a Raman spectrometer to maximally reject photoluminescence (PL) from the condensate, we observe weak but distinct PL at energies below the condensate emission. We identify this as the so-called ghost branches of the amplitude mode arising from quantum depletion of the condensate into this mode. These energies, as well as the overall structure of the PL spectra, are in good agreement with our theoretical analysis.

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  • Received 13 December 2019
  • Revised 22 March 2021
  • Accepted 27 April 2021

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.103.205125

©2021 American Physical Society

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Condensed Matter, Materials & Applied PhysicsParticles & Fields

Authors & Affiliations

Mark Steger1,*, Ryo Hanai2,3, Alexander Orson Edelman2,4, Peter B. Littlewood2,4, David W. Snoke5, Jonathan Beaumariage5, Brian Fluegel1, Ken West6, Loren N. Pfeiffer6, and Angelo Mascarenhas1

  • 1National Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
  • 2James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
  • 3Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
  • 4Physical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
  • 5Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
  • 6Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA

  • *Mark.Steger@NREL.gov

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Vol. 103, Iss. 20 — 15 May 2021

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