Computer codes for beam dynamics analysis of cyclotronlike accelerators

Computer codes suitable for the study of beam dynamics in cyclotronlike (classical and isochronous cyclotrons, synchrocyclotrons, and fixed field alternating gradient) accelerators are reviewed. Computer modeling of cyclotron segments, such as the central zone, acceleration region, and extraction system is considered. The author does not claim to give a full and detailed description of the methods and algorithms used in the codes. Special attention is paid to the codes already proven and confirmed at the existing accelerating facilities. The description of the programs prepared in the worldwide known accelerator centers is provided. The basic features of the programs available to users and limitations of their applicability are described.

Figure 1

Square of an axial frequency as a function of radius at TRIUMF cyclotron: 1—calculation with cyclops (solid line), 2—measurements (data points) [7].

Figure 2

Beam dynamic apertures (horizontal—left, and vertical—right) calculated with cosy infinity for a nonscaling sixfold symmetric FFAG with third-order out of plane expansion, without (top) and with (bottom) symplectification method [17].

Figure 3

Top view of 1 mA bunch distributions at the turn 130 in the local frame in the PSI ring cyclotron. The results are obtained from single bunch (left) and seven bunches (right) simulations [25].

Figure 4

Cell tune as a function of energy and peak current for 10 mm mrad beam [33].

Figure 5

The single particle trajectory in the first few turns with the central point of the orbit at each time step (shown in blue) in the KIRAMS-430 cyclotron [43].

Figure 6

snop main window.

Figure 7

autocad visualization of snop data in a cyclotron central region: 1—spiral inflector, 2—inflector rf shield, 3—1st dee, 4—2nd dee. Green dots indicate accelerated ions. Black dots are lost particles.

Figure 8

Radial momentum component $p_r$ and energy as a function of radius near extraction. The data points represent all the turns at extraction and the bar at 81.6 cm represents the extraction septum [50].

Figure 9

Beam in the central region of cyclotron CYTRACK [55].

Figure 10

Main window of the program [57].

Figure 11

Filling of the longitudinal separatrix at 3 MeV in S2C2 (top). The accepted rf phases at injection as a function of the relative injection time (bottom). The color codes indicate the link between capture time and position inside the separatrix [60].