• Open Access

Modeling of beam-induced damage of the LHC tertiary collimators

E. Quaranta, A. Bertarelli, R. Bruce, F. Carra, F. Cerutti, A. Lechner, S. Redaelli, E. Skordis, and P. Gradassi
Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 20, 091002 – Published 13 September 2017

Abstract

Modern hadron machines with high beam intensity may suffer from material damage in the case of large beam losses and even beam-intercepting devices, such as collimators, can be harmed. A systematic method to evaluate thresholds of damage owing to the impact of high energy particles is therefore crucial for safe operation and for predicting possible limitations in the overall machine performance. For this, a three-step simulation approach is presented, based on tracking simulations followed by calculations of energy deposited in the impacted material and hydrodynamic simulations to predict the thermomechanical effect of the impact. This approach is applied to metallic collimators at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), which in standard operation intercept halo protons, but risk to be damaged in the case of extraction kicker malfunction. In particular, tertiary collimators protect the aperture bottlenecks, their settings constrain the reach in β* and hence the achievable luminosity at the LHC experiments. Our calculated damage levels provide a very important input on how close to the beam these collimators can be operated without risk of damage. The results of this approach have been used already to push further the performance of the present machine. The risk of damage is even higher in the upgraded high-luminosity LHC with higher beam intensity, for which we quantify existing margins before equipment damage for the proposed baseline settings.

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  • Received 14 June 2017

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.20.091002

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.

Published by the American Physical Society

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Accelerators & Beams

Authors & Affiliations

E. Quaranta*, A. Bertarelli, R. Bruce, F. Carra, F. Cerutti, A. Lechner, S. Redaelli, and E. Skordis

  • CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland

P. Gradassi

  • A.D.A.M. Applications of Detectors and Accelerators to Medicine, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland

  • *elena.quaranta@cern.ch Also at Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
  • Also at Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Turin, Italy.

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Issue

Vol. 20, Iss. 9 — September 2017

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