Gauge invariance beyond the electric dipole approximation

Ryoji Anzaki, Yasushi Shinohara, Takeshi Sato, and Kenichi L. Ishikawa
Phys. Rev. A 98, 063410 – Published 11 December 2018

Abstract

We study the gauge invariance of the laser-matter interaction. The velocity gauge, where the vector potential is expanded to the nth order with respect to the spatial coordinate, and the length gauge, where the electric and magnetic fields are expanded to the nth and (n1)th orders, respectively, are mutually gauge transformed, describing the physically equivalent situation. The latter includes up to the electric 2n+1-pole and magnetic 2n-pole interactions as well as two extra terms. The finding serves to develop consistent nonperturbative simulation methods beyond the electric dipole approximation.

  • Figure
  • Received 23 June 2018

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.98.063410

©2018 American Physical Society

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Atomic, Molecular & Optical

Authors & Affiliations

Ryoji Anzaki1,*, Yasushi Shinohara2, Takeshi Sato1,2,3, and Kenichi L. Ishikawa1,2,3

  • 1Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
  • 2Photon Science Center, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
  • 3Research Institute for Photon Science and Laser Technology, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

  • *anzaki@atto.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp

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Issue

Vol. 98, Iss. 6 — December 2018

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