$\omega -k_x$ Fano line shape in photonic crystal slabs

We study the resonant properties of photonic crystal slabs theoretically. An $\omega -k_x$ Fano line shape that approximates the transmission (reflection) spectrum is obtained. This approximation, being a function of light's frequency and in-plane wave vector, generalizes the conventional Fano line shape. Two particular approximations, parabolic and hyperbolic, are obtained and investigated in detail, taking into account the symmetry of the structure, the reciprocity, and the energy conservation. The parabolic approximation considers a single resonance at normal incidence, while the hyperbolic one takes into account two modes, the symmetric and the antisymmetric. Using rigorous simulations based on the Fourier modal method we show that the hyperbolic line shape provides a better approximation of the transmission spectrum. By deriving the causality conditions for both approximations, we show that only the hyperbolic one provides causality in a relativistic sense.

Figure 1

(a) Geometry of 1D PCS (parameters: period $d=1000\mathrm{nm}$; height $h=700\mathrm{nm}$; fill factor $4/5$; surrounding medium refractive index $n_{\mathrm{s}}=1$; structure material permittivity ${\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{gr}}=2$). The structure is invariant in the $y$ direction. (b) Transmission coefficient ${\left|T\right|}^2$ vs the incident light's angular frequency $\omega$ at fixed wave-vector in-plane component $k_x=3\times {10}^{-4}{\mathrm{nm}}^{-1}$ for the TM-polarized incident wave. (c) Transmission coefficient ${\left|T\right|}^2$ vs the incident light's angular frequency $\omega$ and the wave-vector in-plane component $k_x=(\omega /c)n_{\mathrm{s}}sin\theta$ for the TM-polarized incident wave.

Figure 2

Approximated transmission coefficient: (a) parabolic approximation and (b) hyperbolic approximation. The insets represent the squared modulus of the approximation error. The latter inside the indicated rectangular areas does not exceed $0.1$.

Figure 3

Photonic crystal slabs with different symmetries: seven frieze symmetry groups.