Electromagnetic shielding in quantum metrology

The dynamics of the quantum Fisher information of the parameters of the initial atomic state and atomic transition frequency is studied, in the framework of open quantum systems, for a static polarizable two-level atom coupled in the multipolar scheme to a bath of fluctuating vacuum electromagnetic fields without and with the presence of a reflecting boundary. Our results show that in the case without a boundary, the electromagnetic vacuum fluctuations always cause the quantum Fisher information of the initial parameters and thus the precision limit of parameter estimation to decrease. Remarkably, however, with the presence of a boundary, the quantum Fisher information becomes position and atomic polarization dependent and, as a result, it may be enhanced as compared to that in the case without a boundary and may even be shielded from the influence of the vacuum fluctuations in certain circumstances as if it were a closed system.

Figure 1

$1-f$ as a function of $z_0$ for $\mathit{\alpha }=(1,0,0),(0,0,1),(\frac{1}{3},\frac{1}{3},\frac{1}{3})$, respectively. Here, $z_0$ is in the unit of $c/{\omega }_0$.