Resonance-enhanced multiple ionization of krypton at an x-ray free-electron laser

Benedikt Rudek, Daniel Rolles, Sang-Kil Son, Lutz Foucar, Benjamin Erk, Sascha Epp, Rebecca Boll, Denis Anielski, Christoph Bostedt, Sebastian Schorb, Ryan Coffee, John Bozek, Sebastian Trippel, Tatiana Marchenko, Marc Simon, Lauge Christensen, Sankar De, Shin-ichi Wada, Kiyoshi Ueda, Ilme Schlichting, Robin Santra, Joachim Ullrich, and Artem Rudenko
Phys. Rev. A 87, 023413 – Published 19 February 2013

Abstract

The sequential inner-shell multiple ionization of krypton was investigated at the Linac Coherent Light Source using ion time-of-flight spectroscopy at photon energies above (2 keV) and below (1.5 keV) the L edge with two x-ray pulse lengths (5 and 80 fs, nominally) and various pulse energies. At 2.5 mJ pulse energy, charge states up to Kr17+ were recorded for M-shell ionization and charge states up to Kr21+ for L-shell ionization. Comparing the experimental charge state distribution to Monte Carlo rate-equation calculations, we find a strong enhancement of higher charge states at 2 keV photon energy as compared to the theoretical predictions. This enhancement is explained with a resonant ionization pathway where multiple excitations into outer valence and Rydberg orbitals are followed by autoionization. These resonant pathways play an important role for the photoionization of ions with charge higher than Kr12+, for which direct one-photon L-shell photoionization is energetically impossible at 2 keV photon energy. Only a small pulse-length dependence of the charge state yield is observed at an x-ray pulse energy of 0.4 mJ.

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  • Received 18 January 2013

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.87.023413

©2013 American Physical Society

Authors & Affiliations

Benedikt Rudek1,2,3,*, Daniel Rolles1,3,4,*, Sang-Kil Son5, Lutz Foucar1,4, Benjamin Erk1,2, Sascha Epp1,2, Rebecca Boll1,2, Denis Anielski1,2, Christoph Bostedt6, Sebastian Schorb6,7, Ryan Coffee6, John Bozek6, Sebastian Trippel5, Tatiana Marchenko8, Marc Simon8, Lauge Christensen9, Sankar De10,11, Shin-ichi Wada12, Kiyoshi Ueda13, Ilme Schlichting1,4, Robin Santra5,14, Joachim Ullrich1,2,15, and Artem Rudenko1,2,16

  • 1Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
  • 2Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
  • 3DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
  • 4Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
  • 5Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
  • 6SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
  • 7Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
  • 8Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, UPMC and CNRS, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris, France
  • 9Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
  • 10Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
  • 11Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 700064 Kolkata, India
  • 12Department of Physical Science, Hiroshima University, 739-8236 Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
  • 13IMRAM, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
  • 14Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Jungiusstraße 9, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
  • 15Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
  • 16J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, 116 Cardwell Hall, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA

  • *Corresponding authors: benedikt.rudek@asg.mpg.de; daniel.rolles@asg.mpg.de

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Vol. 87, Iss. 2 — February 2013

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