$3p$ photoionization and subsequent Auger decay of atomic germanium

The $3p$ photoionization and subsequent Auger decay of initially neutral atomic germanium is studied both experimentally and theoretically. The binding energies and relative intensities of the $3p$ photoelectron spectrum are given. The $M_{2,3}{M}_{3,4}{M}_{3,4}$ and $M_{2,3}{M}_{3,4}N$ Auger electron spectrum leading to doubly ionized final states is presented. The photoelectron and Auger electron spectra were interpreted using multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock calculations that provided the identification for the main spectral features.

Figure 1

Experimental electron spectra of atomic germanium measured using incident photon energies of 175 eV (dashed green line), 185 eV (dotted blue line), and 195 eV (solid red line).

Figure 2

Experimental (a) and theoretical (b) photoelectron spectrum of atomic Ge. In the panel (a), to the right from the vertical bar is the experimental spectrum recorded at 195 eV photon energy and, to the left, the spectrum recorded at 175 eV photon energy. The uppermost solid line in the panel (b) is the overall predicted spectra. The three lines underneath, dotted (green), dashed (red), and solid (blue), are computed individual spectra of ${}^3{P}_1$, ${}^3{P}_0$, and ${}^3{P}_2$ initial states, respectively.

Figure 3

Experimental (a) and theoretical (b) electron spectra of the Auger decay following $3p$ photoionization in atomic germanium. In panel (a) to the right from the vertical bar is the experiment recorded at 175 eV photon energy and, to the left, is the spectrum recorded at 195 eV photon energy. In panel (b) the uppermost black solid line is the overall spectrum. The (red) dash-dotted depict the contribution for Auger decay to $3d^{8}4s^{2}4p^2$ configuration, (blue) dotted line for $3d^{9}4s4p^2$, and (green) dashed line $3d^{9}4s^{2}4p$ final-state configuration. In addition, position of the $3d^{9}4p^3$ final electronic state is shown in the figure.