Complex and real unconventional Bose-Einstein condensations in high orbital bands

Zi Cai and Congjun Wu
Phys. Rev. A 84, 033635 – Published 26 September 2011

Abstract

We perform a theoretical study on the recently observed unconventional Bose-Einstein condensations (UBEC) in the high bands of optical lattices. These exotic states are characterized by complex-valued condensate wave functions with nodal points or real-valued wave functions with nodal lines; thus, they are beyond the “no-node” theorem of conventional BECs. A quantum phase transition is driven by the competition between the single-particle band and interaction energies. The complex UBECs spontaneously break time-reversal symmetry, exhibiting a vortex-antivortex lattice structure.

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  • Received 15 June 2011

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.84.033635

©2011 American Physical Society

Authors & Affiliations

Zi Cai and Congjun Wu

  • Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA

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Issue

Vol. 84, Iss. 3 — September 2011

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