Entanglement-secured single-qubit quantum secret sharing

P. Scherpelz, R. Resch, D. Berryrieser, and T. W. Lynn
Phys. Rev. A 84, 032303 – Published 2 September 2011

Abstract

In single-qubit quantum secret sharing, a secret is shared between N parties via manipulation and measurement of one qubit at a time. Each qubit is sent to all N parties in sequence; the secret is encoded in the first participant's preparation of the qubit state and the subsequent participants' choices of state rotation or measurement basis. We present a protocol for single-qubit quantum secret sharing using polarization entanglement of photon pairs produced in type-I spontaneous parametric downconversion. We investigate the protocol's security against eavesdropping attack under common experimental conditions: a lossy channel for photon transmission, and imperfect preparation of the initial qubit state. A protocol which exploits entanglement between photons, rather than simply polarization correlation, is more robustly secure. We implement the entanglement-based secret-sharing protocol with 87% secret-sharing fidelity, limited by the purity of the entangled state produced by our present apparatus. We demonstrate a photon-number splitting eavesdropping attack, which achieves no success against the entanglement-based protocol while showing the predicted rate of success against a correlation-based protocol.

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  • Received 22 April 2011

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.84.032303

©2011 American Physical Society

Authors & Affiliations

P. Scherpelz*, R. Resch, D. Berryrieser, and T. W. Lynn§

  • Department of Physics, Harvey Mudd College, 301 Platt Boulevard, Claremont, California 91711, USA

  • *Present address: Department of Physics, University of Chicago, 5720 S. Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637.
  • Present address: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025-7015.
  • Present address: Department of Applied Physics, 348 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-4090.
  • §lynn@hmc.edu

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Issue

Vol. 84, Iss. 3 — September 2011

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