Electromagnetic energy momentum in dispersive media

T. G. Philbin
Phys. Rev. A 83, 013823 – Published 26 January 2011; Erratum Phys. Rev. A 85, 059902 (2012)

Abstract

The standard derivations of electromagnetic energy and momentum in media take Maxwell’s equations as the starting point. It is well known that for dispersive media this approach does not directly yield exact expressions for the energy and momentum densities. Although Maxwell’s equations fully describe electromagnetic fields, the general approach to conserved quantities in field theory is not based on the field equations, but rather on the action. Here an action principle for macroscopic electromagnetism in dispersive, lossless media is used to derive the exact conserved energy-momentum tensor. The time-averaged energy density reduces to Brillouin’s simple formula when the fields are monochromatic. The time-averaged momentum density for monochromatic fields corresponds to the familiar Minkowski expression D×B, but for general fields in dispersive media the momentum density does not have the Minkowski value. The results are unaffected by the debate over momentum balance in light-matter interactions.

  • Figure
  • Figure
  • Received 19 August 2010

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.83.013823

© 2011 American Physical Society

Erratum

Authors & Affiliations

T. G. Philbin

  • School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9SS, Scotland, United Kingdom

Article Text (Subscription Required)

Click to Expand

References (Subscription Required)

Click to Expand
Issue

Vol. 83, Iss. 1 — January 2011

Reuse & Permissions
Access Options
Author publication services for translation and copyediting assistance advertisement

Authorization Required


×
×

Images

×

Sign up to receive regular email alerts from Physical Review A

Log In

Cancel
×

Search


Article Lookup

Paste a citation or DOI

Enter a citation
×