Abstract
Quantum entanglement has been verified experimentally and applied in quantum computing, quantum sensing, and quantum networks. It is of great significance to find measures to characterize the quantum entanglement faithfully. In this work, by exploiting the Schmidt decomposition of bipartite states, we first establish a one-to-one correspondence between the characteristic polynomial of the reduced state of a bipartite pure state and the trace of the reduced state. We introduce a family of entanglement measures based on the eigenvalues of the reduced density matrices. Specific measures called informationally complete entanglement measures (ICEMs) are presented. It is demonstrated that such ICEMs can characterize better the entanglement than the existing well-known entanglement measures. The ICEMs also give rise to criteria of state transformations under local operation and classical communication. Moreover, it is shown that the ICEMs can be efficiently estimated on a quantum computer. The full separability, entanglement, and genuine multipartite entanglement can be detected faithfully on quantum devices.
- Received 14 April 2022
- Accepted 22 December 2022
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.107.012409
Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Open access publication funded by the Max Planck Society.
Published by the American Physical Society