Process-optimized phase-covariant quantum cloning

After the appearance of the no-cloning theorem, approximate quantum cloning machines (QCMs) has become a well-studied subject in quantum information theory. Among several measures to quantify the performance of a QCM, single-qudit fidelity and global fidelity have been most widely used. In this paper we compute the optimal global fidelity for phase-covariant cloning machines via semidefinite programming optimization, thereby completing a remaining gap in the previous results on QCMs. We also consider optimal simulations of the cloning and transpose cloning map, both by a direct optimization and by a composition of component-wise optimal QCMs. For the cloning map the composition method is suboptimal whereas for the transpose cloning map the method is asymptotically optimal.

Figure 1

Modular cloning channel and modular transpose cloning channel.