Cavity electro-optic circuit for microwave-to-optical conversion in the quantum ground state

Wei Fu, Mingrui Xu, Xianwen Liu, Chang-Ling Zou, Changchun Zhong, Xu Han, Mohan Shen, Yuntao Xu, Risheng Cheng, Sihao Wang, Liang Jiang, and Hong X. Tang
Phys. Rev. A 103, 053504 – Published 10 May 2021
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Abstract

In the development of microwave-to-optical (MO) quantum transducers, suppressing added noise induced by the optical excitation remains a major challenge. Here we report an integrated superconducting cavity electro-optic circuit based on single crystalline thin-film aluminum nitride of ultralow microwave and optical losses. We demonstrate efficient bi-directional MO conversion at milli-Kelvin temperatures, with near-ground state microwave thermal excitation (n¯e=0.09±0.06), despite the peak power of the optical drive exceeding the cooling power of the dilution refrigerator mixing chamber. Our dynamical study further reveals different light-induced noise generation mechanisms and provides crucial guidelines for optimizing electro-optic circuits in future hybrid microwave-optical quantum links.

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  • Received 15 December 2020
  • Accepted 25 March 2021

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.103.053504

©2021 American Physical Society

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Quantum Information, Science & TechnologyAtomic, Molecular & Optical

Authors & Affiliations

Wei Fu1, Mingrui Xu1, Xianwen Liu1, Chang-Ling Zou1, Changchun Zhong2, Xu Han1, Mohan Shen1, Yuntao Xu1, Risheng Cheng1, Sihao Wang1, Liang Jiang2,3, and Hong X. Tang1,3,*

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
  • 2Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
  • 3Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA

  • *hong.tang@yale.edu

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Issue

Vol. 103, Iss. 5 — May 2021

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