Theory of ultrafast phenomena in photoexcited semiconductors

Fausto Rossi and Tilmann Kuhn
Rev. Mod. Phys. 74, 895 – Published 30 August 2002
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Abstract

The authors review the physics of ultrafast dynamics in semiconductors and their heterostructures, including both the observed experimental phenomena and the theoretical description of the processes. These are probed by ultrafast optical excitation, generating nonequilibrium states that can be monitored by time-resolved spectroscopy. Light pulses create coherent superpositions of states, and the dynamics of the associated phase relationships can be directly investigated by means of many-pulse experiments. The commonly used experimental techniques are briefly reviewed. A variety of different phenomena can be described within a common theoretical framework based on the density-matrix formalism. The important interactions of the carriers included in the theoretical description are the phonon interactions, the interactions with classical and quantum light fields, and the Coulomb interaction among the carriers themselves. These interactions give rise to a strong interplay between phase coherence and relaxation, which strongly affects the nonequilibrium dynamics. Based on the general theory, the authors review the physical phenomena in various semiconductor structures including superlattices, quantum wells, quantum wires, and bulk media. Particular results which have played a central role in understanding the microscopic origins of the relaxation processes are discussed in detail.

    DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.74.895

    ©2002 American Physical Society

    Authors & Affiliations

    Fausto Rossi

    • Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia (INFM) and Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy

    Tilmann Kuhn

    • Institut für Festkörpertheorie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, D-48149 Münster, Germany

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    Issue

    Vol. 74, Iss. 3 — July - September 2002

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