Abstract
We study the kinematics of dark matter using the massive cluster of galaxies 1E0657-56. The velocity of the “bullet” subcluster (actually, the bow shock velocity) has been measured by x-ray emission from the shock front, and the masses and separation of the main and subclusters have been measured by gravitational lensing. The velocity with gravity alone is calculated in a variety of models of the initial conditions, mass distribution, and accretion history; it is much higher than the velocity of the bow shock, by at least . The probability of so large a subcluster velocity in cosmological simulations estimated from the Hayashi-White fit is . A long-range force with strength times that of gravity would provide the corresponding additional acceleration.
- Received 10 October 2006
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.171302
©2007 American Physical Society