Abstract
It is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally that the low energy density of states is described by a singular -shape form for all clean superconductors in a vortex state, irrespective of the underlying gap structure. The linear term which has not been recognized so far is obtained by exactly evaluating the vortex contribution. Based on microscopic Eilenberger theory is evaluated for the isotropic gap, line, and point-node gaps to yield a -shape . Scanning tunneling spectroscopy-STM experiments on and give direct evidence for this. We provide arguments on the significance of this finding and on the relevance to other experiments.
- Received 15 May 2006
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.147001
©2006 American Physical Society