Antiholons in One-Dimensional $t\mathrm{\text{−}}J$ Models

Using a newly developed hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm for the nearest-neighbor (nn) $t\mathrm{\text{−}}J$ model, we show that antiholons identified in the supersymmetric inverse squared (IS) $t\mathrm{\text{−}}J$ model are clearly visible in the electron-addition spectrum of the nn $t\mathrm{\text{−}}J$ model at $J=2t$ and also for $J=0.5t$, a value of experimental relevance.

Figure 1

Ground-state energies vs exact diagonalization results for $L=20$ with two holes as a function of the projection parameter $\Theta$.

Figure 2

(a) $A(k,\omega )$ for $J=2t$ at a density $n=0.6$. (b) Projection of intensities on the $(\omega ,k)$ plane. Solid lines: compact support of the IS SUSY $t\mathrm{\text{−}}J$ model. Red crosses, spinons; blue asterisks, holons; magenta diamonds, antiholons. See text for the dispersions.

Figure 3

(a) $A(k,\omega )$ for $J=0.5t$ at $n=0.6$. (b) Projection of intensities on the $(\omega ,k)$ plane. Symbols coded as in Fig. 2.

Figure 4

Detailed view of $A(k,\omega )$ at $J=0.5t$ and $n=0.6$. (a) ER side for $0\le k\le k_F$ at $J=0.5t$ and $n=0.6$. Vertical bars denote the positions for free spinon (closer to $\omega =0$) and holon excitations. (b) EA side for $2k_F\le k\le \pi$. Vertical bars denote here antiholon dispersions.