Evidence for Oscillation of Atmospheric Neutrinos

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Y. Fukuda¹, T. Hayakawa¹, E. Ichihara¹, K. Inoue¹, K. Ishihara¹, H. Ishino¹, Y. Itow¹, T. Kajita¹, J. Kameda¹, S. Kasuga¹, K. Kobayashi¹, Y. Kobayashi¹, Y. Koshio¹, M. Miura¹, M. Nakahata¹, S. Nakayama¹, A. Okada¹, K. Okumura¹, N. Sakurai¹, M. Shiozawa¹, Y. Suzuki¹, Y. Takeuchi¹, Y. Totsuka¹, S. Yamada¹, M. Earl², A. Habig², E. Kearns², M. D. Messier², K. Scholberg², J. L. Stone², L. R. Sulak², C. W. Walter², M. Goldhaber³, T. Barszczxak⁴, D. Casper⁴, W. Gajewski⁴, P. G. Halverson^{4 *}, J. Hsu⁴, W. R. Kropp⁴, L. R. Price⁴, F. Reines⁴, M. Smy⁴, H. W. Sobel⁴, M. R. Vagins⁴, K. S. Ganezer⁵, W. E. Keig⁵, R. W. Ellsworth⁶, S. Tasaka⁷, J. W. Flanagan^{8 †}, A. Kibayashi⁸, J. G. Learned⁸, S. Matsuno⁸, V. J. Stenger⁸, D. Takemori⁸, T. Ishii⁹, J. Kanzaki⁹, T. Kobayashi⁹, S. Mine⁹, K. Nakamura⁹, K. Nishikawa⁹, Y. Oyama⁹, A. Sakai⁹, M. Sakuda⁹, O. Sasaki⁹, S. Echigo¹⁰, M. Kohama¹⁰, A. T. Suzuki¹⁰, T. J. Haines^11,4, E. Blaufuss¹², B. K. Kim¹², R. Sanford¹², R. Svoboda¹², M. L. Chen¹³, Z. Conner^{13 ‡}, J. A. Goodman¹³, G. W. Sullivan¹³, J. Hill¹⁴, C. K. Jung¹⁴, K. Martens¹⁴, C. Mauger¹⁴, C. McGrew¹⁴, E. Sharkey¹⁴, B. Viren¹⁴, C. Yanagisawa¹⁴, W. Doki¹⁵, K. Miyano¹⁵, H. Okazawa¹⁵, C. Saji¹⁵, M. Takahata¹⁵, Y. Nagashima¹⁶, M. Takita¹⁶, T. Yamaguchi¹⁶, M. Yoshida¹⁶, S. B. Kim¹⁷, M. Etoh¹⁸, K. Fujita¹⁸, A. Hasegawa¹⁸, T. Hasegawa¹⁸, S. Hatakeyama¹⁸, T. Iwamoto¹⁸, M. Koga¹⁸, T. Maruyama¹⁸, H. Ogawa¹⁸, J. Shirai¹⁸, A. Suzuki¹⁸, F. Tsushima¹⁸, M. Koshiba¹⁹, M. Nemoto²⁰, K. Nishijima²⁰, T. Futagami²¹, Y. Hayato^{21 §}, Y. Kanaya²¹, K. Kaneyuki²¹, Y. Watanabe²¹, D. Kielczewska^22,4, R. A. Doyle²³, J. S. George²³, A. L. Stachyra²³, L. L. Wai^{23 **}, R. J. Wilkes²³, and K. K. Young²³ (Super Kamiokande Collaboration)
¹Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Tanashi, Tokyo, 188-8502, Japan
²Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
³Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
⁴Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575
⁵Department of Physics, California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, California 90747
⁶Department of Physics, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030
⁷Department of Physics, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
⁸Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
⁹Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
¹⁰Department of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
¹¹Physics Division, P-23, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544
¹²Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
¹³Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
¹⁴Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800
¹⁵Department of Physics, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
¹⁶Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
¹⁷Department of Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
¹⁸Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
¹⁹The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
²⁰Department of Physics, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
²¹Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
²²Institute of Experimental Physics, Warsaw University, 00-681 Warsaw, Poland
²³Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560

Focus Story: Phys. Rev. Focus 2, story 10