Nondipole Resonant X-Ray Raman Spectroscopy: Polarized Inelastic Scattering at the $\mathit{K}$ Edge of C${\mathrm{l}}_2$

Experimental and theoretical studies are reported on the inelastic (Raman) scattering of wavelength-selected polarized x rays from the $K$ edge of gas-phase chlorine molecules. The polarized emission spectra exhibit prominent nondipole features consequent of phase variations of the incident and emitted radiation over molecular dimensions, as predicted by the Kramers-Heisenberg scattering formalism. Issues pursuant to the detection of core-hole localization by resonant Raman scattering from homonuclear diatomic molecules are critically examined.