Abstract
For the past decade there has been a considerable debate about the existence of chaos in the mixmaster cosmological model. The debate has been hampered by the coordinate, or observer, dependence of standard chaotic indicators such as Lyapunov exponents. Here we use coordinate-independent, fractal methods to show the mixmaster universe is indeed chaotic.
- Received 7 May 1996
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.998
©1997 American Physical Society
