Chaos in the Mixmaster Universe

David F. Chernoff and John D. Barrow
Phys. Rev. Lett. 50, 134 – Published 10 January 1983
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Abstract

A four-dimensional system of nonlinear difference equations describing the evolution of the general relativistic "mixmaster" cosmological model is studied. The evolution splits into two parts: one given by a (chaotic) generalized Baker's transformation and the other by a (systematic) change of scales. The chaotic degrees of freedom are studied in detail: Their evolution may be described by a two-sided shift and the invariant measure for these variables is found. Strong ergodic properties (mixing, nonzero entropy) are deduced.

  • Received 26 October 1982

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.50.134

©1983 American Physical Society

Authors & Affiliations

David F. Chernoff

  • Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720

John D. Barrow

  • Astronomy Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom

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Vol. 50, Iss. 2 — 10 January 1983

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