Absence of Vacuum Induced Berry Phases without the Rotating Wave Approximation in Cavity QED

We revisit earlier studies on Berry phases suggested to appear in certain cavity QED settings. It has been especially argued that a nontrivial geometric phase is achievable even in the situation of no cavity photons. We, however, show that such results hinge on imposing the rotating wave approximation (RWA), while without the RWA no Berry phases occur in these schemes. A geometrical interpretation of our results is obtained by introducing semiclassical energy surfaces which in a simple way brings out the phase-space dynamics. With the RWA, a conical intersection between the surfaces emerges and encircling it gives rise to the Berry phase. Without the RWA, the conical intersection is absent and therefore the Berry phase vanishes. It is believed that this is a first example showing how the application of the RWA in the Jaynes-Cummings model may lead to false conclusions, regardless of the mutual strengths between the system parameters.

Figure 1

Semiclassical energy surfaces of the JC model (a) and the Rabi model (b). The CI in (a) indicates a nonvanishing Berry phase in this model, while absence of CI’s in (b) signals that there are no corresponding Berry phases in the Rabi model.