Formulation of Time-Resolved Counting Statistics Based on a Positive-Operator-Valued Measure

We propose a derivation of the full counting statistics of electronic current based on a positive-operator-valued measure. Our approach justifies the Levitov-Lesovik formula in the long-time limit, but can be generalized to the detection of finite-frequency noise correlations. The combined action of the projection postulate and the quantum formula for current noise at high frequencies imply an additional white noise. Estimates for this additional noise are in accordance with known experiments. We propose an experimental test of our conjecture by a simultaneous measurement of high- and low-frequency noise.

Figure 1

(a) Sensitivity of current measurement. The Gaussian distribution refers to the dispersion of current measurement. (b) The function $q(z)$.