Well-posedness of formulations of the Einstein equations with dynamical lapse and shift conditions

Carsten Gundlach and José M. Martín-García
Phys. Rev. D 74, 024016 – Published 14 July 2006

Abstract

We prove that when the equations are restricted to the principal part the standard version of the Baumgarte-Shapiro-Shibata-Nakamura (BSSN) formulation of the Einstein equations is equivalent to the Nagy-Ortiz-Reula (NOR) formulation for any gauge, and that the Kidder-Scheel-Teukolsky (KST) formulation is equivalent to NOR for a variety of gauges. We review a family of elliptic gauge conditions and the implicit parabolic and hyperbolic drivers that can be derived from them, and show how to make them symmetry-seeking. We investigate the hyperbolicity of Arnowitt-Deser-Misner (ADM), NOR, and BSSN with implicit hyperbolic lapse and shift drivers. We show that BSSN with the coordinate drivers used in recent “moving puncture” binary black hole evolutions is ill-posed at large shifts, and suggest how to make it strongly hyperbolic for arbitrary shifts. For ADM, NOR, and BSSN with elliptic and parabolic gauge conditions, which cannot be hyperbolic, we investigate a necessary condition for well-posedness of the initial-value problem.

  • Received 8 April 2006

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.74.024016

©2006 American Physical Society

Authors & Affiliations

Carsten Gundlach

  • School of Mathematics, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom

José M. Martín-García

  • Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, Centro de Física Miguel A. Catalán, C.S.I.C., Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain

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Vol. 74, Iss. 2 — 15 July 2006

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