Antimatter from microscopic black holes

The spectrum of positrons and antiprotons produced by the outflow of high temperature matter surrounding microscopic black holes is calculated for energies between 5 GeV and the Planck energy. The results may be applicable for the last few hours and minutes of a microscopic black hole’s lifetime.

Figure 1

The chemical equilibration rate for protons or antiprotons is compared to the local volume expansion rate. The Hawking temperature is 10 TeV.

Figure 2

The instantaneous direct electron, positron, proton and antiproton spectra emerging from the fluid with decoupling temperature of $T_f=140\mathrm{MeV}$. Also shown are electrons and positrons arising from direct muon and indirect muon decays. Here the black hole temperature is $T_H=100\mathrm{GeV}$.

Figure 3

The time-integrated electron, positron, proton and antiproton spectra emerging from a microscopic black hole. Here the calculation begins when the black hole temperature is $T_0=100\mathrm{GeV}$.