Universality of the Hawking effect

William G. Unruh and Ralf Schützhold
Phys. Rev. D 71, 024028 – Published 24 January 2005

Abstract

Addressing the question of whether the Hawking effect depends on degrees of freedom at ultrahigh (e.g., Planckian) energies/momenta, we propose three rather general conditions on these degrees of freedom under which the Hawking effect is reproduced to lowest order. As a generalization of Corley’s results, we present a rather general model based on nonlinear dispersion relations satisfying these conditions together with a derivation of the Hawking effect for that model. However, we also demonstrate counter-examples, which do not appear to be unphysical or artificial, displaying strong deviations from Hawking’s result. Therefore, whether real black holes emit Hawking radiation remains an open question and could give nontrivial information about Planckian physics.

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  • Received 3 August 2004

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.71.024028

©2005 American Physical Society

Authors & Affiliations

William G. Unruh1 and Ralf Schützhold2

  • 1Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Cosmology and Gravity Program, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
  • 2Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany

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Issue

Vol. 71, Iss. 2 — 15 January 2005

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