GPS observables in general relativity

Carlo Rovelli
Phys. Rev. D 65, 044017 – Published 22 January 2002
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Abstract

I present a complete set of gauge invariant observables, in the context of general relativity coupled with a minimal amount of realistic matter (four particles). These observables have a straightforward and realistic physical interpretation. In fact, the technology to measure them is realized by the Global Positioning System: they are defined by the physical reference system determined by GPS readings. The components of the metric tensor in this physical reference system are gauge invariant quantities and, remarkably, their evolution equations are local.

  • Received 12 October 2001

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.65.044017

©2002 American Physical Society

Authors & Affiliations

Carlo Rovelli

  • Centre de Physique Théorique de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille, EU, France
  • Department of Physics, Pittsburgh University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15250

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Issue

Vol. 65, Iss. 4 — 15 February 2002

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