Determination of the last stable orbit for circular general relativistic binaries at the third post-Newtonian approximation

We discuss the analytical determination of the location of the last stable orbit (LSO) in circular general relativistic orbits of two point masses. We deal with the problem of the slow convergence of post-Newtonian expansions by “resumming” them in various ways. We use several different resummation methods (including new ones) based on the consideration of gauge-invariant functions, and compare the results they give at the third post-Newtonian (3PN) approximation of general relativity. Our treatment is based on the 3PN Hamiltonian of Jaranowski and Schäfer. One of the new methods we introduce is based on the consideration of the (invariant) function linking the angular momentum and the angular frequency. We also generalize the “effective one-body” approach of Buonanno and Damour by introducing a non-minimal (i.e. “non-geodesic”) effective dynamics at the 3PN level. We find that the location of the LSO sensitively depends on the (currently unknown) value of the dimensionless quantity ${\omega }_{\mathrm{static}}$ which parametrizes a certain regularization ambiguity of the 3PN dynamics. We find, however, that all the analytical methods we use numerically agree among themselves if the value of this parameter is ${\omega }_{\mathrm{static}}\simeq -9.$ This suggests that the correct value of ${\omega }_{\mathrm{static}}$ is near $-9$ [the precise value ${\omega }_{\mathrm{static}}^{*}\equiv -47/3+(41/64)\mathrm{}{\pi }^2=-9.3439\dots$ seems to play a special role]. If this is the case, we then show how to further improve the analytical determination of various LSO quantities by using a “Shanks” transformation to accelerate the convergence of the successive (already resummed) PN estimates.