Pre-big-bang requires the universe to be exponentially large from the very beginning

Nemanja Kaloper, Andrei Linde, and Raphael Bousso
Phys. Rev. D 59, 043508 – Published 21 January 1999
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Abstract

We show that in a generic case of the pre-big-bang scenario, inflation will solve cosmological problems only if the universe at the onset of inflation is extremely large and homogeneous from the very beginning. The size of a homogeneous part of the universe at the beginning of the stage of pre-big-bang (PBB) inflation must be greater than 1019ls, where ls is the stringy length, which is the only natural length scale in PBB cosmology. The total mass of an inflationary domain must be greater than 1072Ms, where Msls1. If the universe is initially radiation dominated, then its total entropy at that time must be greater than 1068. If the universe is closed, then at the moment of its formation it must be uniform over 1024 causally disconnected domains. The natural duration of the PBB stage in this scenario is Mp1. If the universe is open, then its initial state should have been very homogeneous over an infinitely large distance, in order to account for the homogeneity of our part of the universe. We argue that the initial state of the open PBB universe could not be homogeneous because of quantum fluctuations. Independently of the issue of homogeneity, one must introduce two large dimensionless parameters, g02>1053, and B>1038g02>1091, in order to solve the flatness problem in the PBB cosmology. A regime of eternal inflation does not occur in the PBB scenario. This should be compared with the simplest versions of the chaotic inflation scenario, where the regime of eternal inflation may begin in a universe of size O(Mp1) with vanishing initial radiation entropy, mass O(Mp), and geometric entropy O(1). We conclude that the current version of the PBB scenario cannot replace usual inflation even if one solves the graceful exit problem in this scenario.

  • Received 20 January 1998

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.59.043508

©1999 American Physical Society

Authors & Affiliations

Nemanja Kaloper, Andrei Linde, and Raphael Bousso

  • Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4060

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Issue

Vol. 59, Iss. 4 — 15 February 1999

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