Proton production cross sections for reactions by 300- and 392-MeV protons on carbon, aluminum, and niobium

Proton productions from proton induced reactions have been investigated for target nuclei of ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$, ${}^{27}\mathrm{Al}$, and ${}^{93}\mathrm{Nb}$ at 300 and 392 MeV. Proton inelastic continua over a broad energy range were measured at laboratory angles from ${20}^{°}$ to ${105}^{°}$. The differential cross sections were compared with two theoretical models, the quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) and the intranuclear cascade (INC) model in terms of the multistep direct process. We demonstrated that consistencies of these models can be improved using a realistic ground state of target nucleus, and that the INC model developed presently has a fairly good consistency and a higher predictive ability than the QMD.

Figure 1

Stacked GSO(Ce) spectrometers. The long one (left) and the short one (right).

Figure 2

Plot of $\mathit{PI}$ versus proton kinetic energy obtained for the 392-MeV ${}^{93}\mathrm{Nb}$($p,p^{\text{'}}x$) reaction at 20°. The lines are drawn roughly to guide eyes.

Figure 3

Nucleon density distributions of ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$, ${}^{27}\mathrm{Al}$, and ${}^{93}\mathrm{Nb}$. Thin and thick lines are density distribution of the standard, and the modified ground state in the QMD, respectively. Parametrization of Negele [19] and de Vries [20] are also shown.

Figure 4

Momentum density distributions of ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$, ${}^{27}\mathrm{Al}$, and ${}^{93}\mathrm{Nb}$. Thin and thick lines are momentum distribution of the standard and the modified ground state in the QMD, respectively. The dotted lines show solutions of the Hartree-Fock equations [22].

Figure 5

Momentum density distributions for ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}$. The thin and the thick lines are results of the standard and the modified QMD, respectively. They are compared with the Hartree-Fock (the thin dotted line) and the relativistic mean field (the thick dotted line) calculations.

Figure 6

Spectra of double differential cross section for ($p,p^{\text{'}}x$) at 300 MeV with the standard (solid lines) and modified (dotted lines) QMD.

Figure 7

Same as Fig. 6, but for reactions at 392 MeV.

Figure 8

Spectra of double differential cross section for ($p,p^{\text{'}}x$) at 300 MeV with the present INC (solid lines) and the Bertini (dotted lines).

Figure 9

Same as Fig. 8, but for reactions at 392 MeV.