Light-ion production in the interaction of $96\text{MeV}$ neutrons with silicon

Double-differential cross sections for light-ion ($p$, $d$, $t$, ${}^3\mathrm{He}$, and $\alpha$) production in silicon, induced by $96\text{MeV}$ neutrons, are reported. Energy spectra are measured at eight laboratory angles from $20°$ to $160°$ in steps of $20°$. Procedures for data taking and data reduction are presented. Deduced energy-differential, angle-differential, and production cross sections are reported. Experimental cross sections are compared to theoretical reaction model calculations and experimental data in the literature.

Figure 1

(a) Particle identification spectra at $20°$ for the (a) $\Delta E_1-\Delta E_2$ and (b) $\Delta E_2-E$ detector combinations. The solid lines represent tabulated energy loss values in silicon [14]. The insert in (b) illustrates the separation of high-energy protons, deuterons, and tritons discussed in Sec. 3A.

Figure 2

(a) Neutron TOF spectrum vs deuteron energy for the $\text{Si}\left(n,dx\right)$ reaction at $20°$ and the selection of deuterons associated with the full-energy neutron peak. The neutron-energy scale is given to the right. The solid line is a kinematic calculation of the ground-state deuteron energy as a function of the neutron energy. The lower rectangular cut is associated with neutrons in the full-energy peak, whereas the adjacent rectangular cut is used when correcting for the observed timing shift discussed in Sec. 4C. (b) Deuteron energy spectrum at $20°$ with (solid histogram) and without (dashed histogram) the full-energy neutron cut. The cross-hatched histogram shows the target-out background. The bump below $20\text{MeV}$ in the solid histogram is due to wraparound effects discussed in Sec. 4C.

Figure 3

Experimental double-differential cross sections (filled circles) of the $\text{Si}\left(n,px\right)$ reaction at $96\text{MeV}$ at four laboratory angles. The curves indicate theoretical calculations based on GNASH (Ref. 23) (dashed), TALYS (present work) (dotted), and GNASH (present work) (solid). The TALYS result is in the c.m. system and the GNASH results are in the lab system.

Figure 4

Experimental double-differential cross sections (filled circles) of the $\text{Si}\left(n,dx\right)$ reaction at $96\text{MeV}$ at four laboratory angles. The curves indicate theoretical calculations based on GNASH (Ref. 23) (dashed), TALYS (present work) (dotted), and GNASH (present work) (solid). The TALYS result is in the c.m. system and the GNASH results are in the lab system.

Figure 5

Experimental double-differential cross sections (filled circles) of the $\text{Si}\left(n,tx\right)$ reaction at $96\text{MeV}$ four laboratory angles. The curves indicate theoretical calculations based on TALYS (present work) (dotted) and GNASH (present work) (solid). The TALYS result is in the c.m. system and the GNASH result is in the lab system.

Figure 6

Experimental double-differential cross sections (filled circles) of the $\text{Si}\left(n,{}^3\mathrm{He}x\right)$ reaction at $96\text{MeV}$ at four laboratory angles. The curves indicate theoretical calculations based on TALYS (present work) (dotted) and GNASH (present work) (solid). The TALYS result is in the c.m. system and the GNASH result is in the lab system.

Figure 7

Experimental double-differential cross sections (filled circles) of the $\text{Si}\left(n,\alpha x\right)$ reaction at $96\text{MeV}$ at four laboratory angles. The curves indicate theoretical calculations based on GNASH (Ref. 23) (dashed), TALYS (present work) (dotted), and GNASH (present work) (solid). The TALYS result is in the c.m. system and the GNASH results are in the lab system. Note the logarithmic scale.

Figure 8

Experimental energy-differential cross sections (filled circles) for neutron-induced $p$, $d$, $t$, ${}^3\mathrm{He}$, and $\alpha$ production at $96\text{MeV}$. The curves indicate theoretical calculations based on GNASH (Ref. 23) (dashed), TALYS (present work) (dotted), and GNASH (present work) (solid). The TALYS result is in the c.m. system and the GNASH results are in the lab system.

Figure 9

Neutron-induced proton production cross section as a function of neutron energy. The full circle is from the present work, whereas the open squares are from previous work [2]. The curve is based on a GNASH calculation [23]. The data as well as the calculations correspond to a cutoff energy of $4\text{MeV}$. Note that the cutoff energy is different from that in Table .

Figure 10

Same as Fig. 9 for deuteron production, with a cutoff energy of $8\text{MeV}$.