Origin of subthreshold $K^{+}$ production in heavy ion collisions

We investigate the origin of subthreshold $K^{+}$ production in heavy ion collisions at intermediate energies. In particular we study the influence of the pion induced $K^{+}$ creation processes. We find that this channel shows a strong dependence on the size of the system, i.e., the number of participating nucleons as well as on the incident energy of the reaction. In an energy region between 1 and 2 GeV/nucleon the pion induced processes essentially contribute to the total yield and can even become dominant in reactions with a large number of participating nucleons. Thus we are able to reproduce recent measurements of the KaoS Collaboration for 1 GeV/nucleon Au on Au reactions adopting a realistic momentum dependent nuclear mean field.