Quantum-well states and induced magnetism in Fe/${\mathrm{Cu}}_{\mathit{N}}$/Fe bcc (001) trilayers

We have used a first-principles Green’s function technique to investigate the formation of magnetic moments in Fe/${\mathrm{Cu}}_{\mathit{N}}$/Fe bcc (001) trilayers. We show that the magnetic moment in the paramagnetic spacer material to a first approximation may be described as a linear superposition of the magnetic profiles of two single Fe/Cu interfaces. The small deviations from this simple superposition are shown to be a consequence of quantum-well states confined within the paramagnetic spacer. This connection is confirmed by direct calculation of the state density. The results are of conceptual interest for the understanding of the exchange coupling. © 1996 The American Physical Society.